¡°¶¥Äá¹öÅÍ ¹ß¸í°¡ À̾߱⡱ demonstrated an amazing ability to commune with living things. On his neighbors¡¯farms he routinely found plants to heal sick animals. When farmers¡¯ wives began to ask him to care for their sick house plants, the boy sang to the plants and tended them in his own specially prepared soil. When asked how his plants always bloomed again, he replied,¡°All flowers talk to me and so do hundreds of little living things in the woods. I learn what I know by watching and loving everything.¡± In 1896 Carver earned a master¡¯s degree from the Iowa State College of Agriculture and was asked to join the faculty. However, Booker T. Washington, the renowned African American leader and founder and president of the Normal and Industrial Institute, asked Carver to run the institute¡¯s agricultural department instead. Carver turned down the well-paying ¼ÒÅëÇÏ´Â ³î¶ó¿î ´É·ÂÀ» º¸¿´´Âµ¥, ¾ÆÇ µ¿¹°µéÀ» Ä¡·áÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Ç®µéÀ» ÀÌ¿ô ³óÀå¿¡¼ Á¤±âÀûÀ¸·Î ¹ß°ßÇØ¿À±âµµ Çß´Ù. ÀÌ¿ô ³óÀåÀÇ ºÎÀεéÀÌ ±×³àµé ÁýÀÇ º´µç ÈÃʸ¦ µ¹ºÁ´Þ¶ó°í ºÎŹÇÏ°Ô µÇÀÚ, ¼Ò³âÀº ±× ÈÃʵ鿡°Ô ³ë·¡¸¦ ºÒ·¯ÁÖ¾ú°í, ±×°¡ Ưº°È÷ ÁغñÇÑ Èë¿¡ ÈÃʵéÀ» ±æ·¶´Ù. ±×°¡ Ű¿ì´Â ½Ä¹°µé¸¶´Ù ¾îÂÀ ±×·¸°Ô ¾î±è¾øÀÌ ´Ù½Ã ²ÉÀ» ÇÇ¿ì°Ô µÇ´À³Ä´Â Áú¹®¿¡, ±×´Â ÀÌ·¸°Ô ´ë´äÇß´Ù.¡°¸ðµç ²ÉµéÀÌ ÀúÇÑÅ× ¾ê±â¸¦ ÇØ¿ä. ½£ ¼Ó¿¡ »ç´Â ¼ö¹é °³ÀÇ ÀÛÀº »ý¹°µéµµ¿ä. Á¦°¡ ¾Æ´Â °Ç ¸ðµç °É º¸°í »ç¶ûÇÏ¸é¼ ¹è¿î °Å¿¹¿ä.¡± 1896³â ¾ÆÀÌ¿À¿Í ÁÖ¸³´ëÇÐÀÇ ³ó°ú´ëÇп¡¼ ¼®»çÇÐÀ§¸¦ ¹ÞÀº Ä«¹ö´Â ¾ÆÀÌ¿À¿Í ´ëÇб³ÀÇ ±³¼öÁ÷ Á¦¾ÈÀ» ¹Þ´Âµ¥, ºÎÄ¿ ¿ö½ÌÅÏ ¶ÇÇÑ Ä«¹ö¿¡°Ô ÅͽºÅ°±â ³ó°ú´ëÇÐÀ» ¸Ã¾Æ´Þ¶ó´Â ºÎŹÀ» Çϱ⿡ À̸£·¶´Ù. ºÎÄ¿ ¿ö½ÌÅÏÀº ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ Àú¸íÇÑ ÈæÀÎ ÁöµµÀÚÀÌÀÚ ÅͽºÅ°±â ÀϹݰø¾÷´ëÇÐ(ÇöúÞ ÅͽºÅ°±â ´ëÇб³ Tuskegee University)ÀÇ ÃÊ´ë ÃÑÀåÀÌ´Ù. ´ç½Ã ÅͽºÅ°±â ÀϹݰø¾÷´ëÇÐÀº ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«°è ¹Ì±¹ÀÎÀ» À§ÇÑ ±³À°±â°üÀ̾ú Á¶Áö ¿ö½ÌÅÏ Ä«¹ö´Â ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ³²ºÏÀüÀïÀÌ ¸·¹ÙÁö¿¡ ´Ù´Ù¶úÀ» ¹«·Æ ¹ÌÁÖ¸® ÁÖñ¶¿¡¼ ³ë¿¹·Î ž´Ù. ¾î¸± ¶§ Ä«¹ö´Â »ý¹°µéÀ» ¹þ »ï¾Æ George Washington Carver was born a slave in Missouri, USA shortly before the end of the Civil War. As a child, Carver 35 position at Iowa in order to serve his people. At the institute Carver discovered that the farmers of the American South were exhausting their farmland by planting only cotton which depletes soil of its nutrients. Furthermore, a catastrophic boll weevil infestation was destroying much of the cotton crop. In order to address this crisis, he set up a private laboratory wholly devoid of books where he would sit for hours each day, communing with plants. Every morning at 4 a.m. Carver also wandered through the woods in order to bring back numerous plants which he used to illustrate his lectures. He explained this habit to his friends,¡°Nature is the greatest teacher and I learn from her best when others are asleep.¡± Carver¡¯s research ultimately led him to the peanut. He learned that the peanut was able to grow well in poor soil. It also equaled beef in protein and potatoes in carbohydrates. Carver began to promote the peanut as an alternative crop to cotton which could be sold as well as eaten. When the farmers expressed doubt, Carver began to issue educational bulletins which over time provided 105 food recipes that use peanuts. One such bulletin taught that a highly nutritious and flavorful kind of butter could be made from the peanut. Whereas it took 100 pounds of milk to make 10 pounds of butter, 100 pounds of peanuts could produce 35 pounds of peanut butter. Thus was born one of the most popular food items in the world. °í, Ä«¹ö´Â ±×µéÀ» À§ÇØ ¾ÆÀÌ¿À¿Í¿¡¼ÀÇ ÁÁÀº º¸¼ö°¡ º¸ÀåµÇ´Â Á÷Ã¥À» ³»·Á³õ¾Ò´Ù. 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Ä«¹ö´Â ÆÈ°Å³ª ¸ÔÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¶¥ÄáÀ» ¸ñÈÀÇ ´ëü ÀÛ¹°·Î »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô Àå·ÁÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ³óºÎµéÀÌ ¶¥ÄáÀÇ È¿´ÉÀ» ½±»ç¸® ¹ÏÁö ¾ÊÀÚ, ±×´Â ±³À°¿ë ȸº¸¸¦ ¹ß°£ÇÏ¿© ¶¥ÄáÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇØ ¸¸µé ¼ö ÀÖ´Â 105°¡ÁöÀÇ ¿ä¸®¹ýÀ» Çϳª¾¿ ¼±º¸À̱⠽ÃÀÛÇß´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¹Ù·Î ±× ȸº¸¿¡ ¶¥ÄáÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ¿µ¾çÀÌ Ç³ºÎÇÏ°í ¸ÀÀÖ´Â ¹öÅ͸¦ ¸¸µå´Â ¹ýÀÌ ¼Ò°³µÇ¾ú´Ù. 4.5kgÀÇ ¹öÅ͸¦ ¸¸µé±â À§ÇØ 45kgÀÇ ¿ìÀ¯°¡ ¼Ò¸ðµÇ´Â ¹Ý¸é, 45kgÀÇ ¶¥ÄáÀ¸·Î ¾à 16kgÀÇ ¶¥Äá¹öÅ͸¦ ¸¸µé¾î³¾ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. À̸®ÇÏ¿© ¼¼»ó¿¡¼ °¡Àå Àαâ ÀÖ´Â À½½Ä ÁßÀÇ Çϳª°¡ ź»ýµÇ¾ú´Ù. Ä«¹ö´Â °è¼ÓµÈ ¿¬±¸¸¦ ÅëÇØ ¶¥ÄáÀ¸·Î ¸¸µé ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¾à 100¿© °¡ÁöÀÇ »óǰÀ» °³¹ßÇØ³»¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ »óǰµéÀº °¡Á¤»ýȰ°ú ³ó»ç¿¡ ¸ðµÎ µµ¿òÀÌ µÇ´Â °Íµé·Î, ÈÀåǰ, ¿°·á, ÆäÀÎÆ®, ÇÃ¶ó½ºÆ½, °¡¼Ö¸° ±×¸®°í ´ÏÆ®·Î±Û¸®¼¼¸° µîÀ̾ú´Ù. ÀÌ¿Í ´õºÒ¾î ±×´Â °í±¸¸¶·Î ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¹°°ÇÀ» »ý»êÇØ³»´Â ¹ýµµ ¾Ë¾Æ³Â´Ù. Á¦1Â÷ ¼¼°è ´ëÀüÀÌ ¹ß¹ßÇÏ¸é¼ ¿°·á°¡ ºÎÁ·ÇØÁöÀÚ, Ä«¹ö´Â ´Ù½Ã ½Ä¹°µé¿¡°Ô¼ 536°¡Áö Á¾·ùÀÇ ¿°·á¸¦ °³¹ßÇß´Ù. ÀÌ ¿°·áµéÀº ¸ðÁ÷, ¸é, ¸°³Ù, ½ÇÅ© ±×¸®°í ½ÉÁö¾î´Â °¡Á×±îÁöµµ ¹°À» µéÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Âµ¥, ±× Áß 49°³ÀÇ »öÀº ¸Ó·ç ÇÑ °¡Áö·ÎºÎÅÍ ¸¸µé¾î³½ °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. ¾î´Àµ¡ À¯¸íÀλ簡 µÈ Ä«¹ö´Â ¿ö½ÌÅÏÀ¸·Î ÃÊ´ëµÇ¾ú°í, ±×°¡ °³¹ßÇØ³½ »óǰµé·Î ÀÇ¿øµéÀº ź¼ºÀ» ÀھƳ´Ù. ±× Áß¿¡´Â ÈÄ¿¡ ¹Ì±¹¿ìÇ¥ Á¢ÂøÁ¦ÀÇ ¼ººÐÀÌ µÈ ³ì¸»µµ Æ÷ÇԵǾî ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ Ä«¹öÀÇ ³ó°ú´ëÇп¡¼´Â °í±¸¸¶°¡·ç¸¦ ÀÏ¹Ý ¹Ð°¡·ç¿Í È¥ÇÕ½ÃÅ´À¸·Î½á ÇÏ·ç 90kgÀÇ ¹Ð ¼Òºñ¸¦ ÁÙÀ̰í ÀÖ´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀÌ ¾Ë·ÁÁö¸é¼, Àü½ÃîúãÁ¿¡ ¹ÐÀ» Àý¾àÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ý¿¡ °ü½É ÀÖ´Â ¿µ¾ç»çµé°ú À½½ÄÆò·Ð°¡µéÀÌ ±×¸¦ ¹æ¹®Çß´Ù. ±× »ç¶÷µéÀ» ±â´Ù¸®°í ÀÖ´ø °ÍÀº 5°¡Áö ÄÚ½ºÀÇ ÇªÁüÇÑ ½Ä»ç¿Í ¸Å¿ì ¸ÀÀÖ´Â »§-¸ðµÎ ¶¥Äá, °í±¸¸¶ ±×¸®°í ±× Áö¹æÀÇ ¾ß»ý ½Ä¹°·Î ¸¸µç °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. 1930³â¿¡ À̸£·¶À» ¶§´Â, ÇѶ§ ÁÖ¸ñ¹ÞÁö ¸øÇÏ´ø ¶¥ÄáÀÌ °Å´ëÇÑ »ê¾÷ÀÇ Ãʼ®ÀÌ µÇ¾ú°í, °¡Àå °¡³ÇÏ´Ù°í ÇÏ´Â °¡Á·µéµµ ±¸ÀÔÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´ø ¶¥Äá¹öÅÍ´Â ¹Ì±¹ÀεéÀÌ °¡Àå ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏ´Â À½½Ä Áß Çϳª°¡ µÇ¾î°¡°í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. As Carver continued his investigations, he was able to develop approximately 100 products that could be made from peanuts. These were useful for both the house and farm and included cosmetics, dyes, paints, plastics, gasoline, and nitroglycerin. Carver also discovered how to make dozens of products from sweet potato. When a shortage of dye stuffs occurred at the outset of World War I, Carver again consulted with his plants and from their parts he developed 536 separate dyes, which could color wool, cotton, linen, silk, and even leather. Forty-nine of them came from the scuppernong grape alone. Now famous, Carver was called to Washington and there dazzled officials with dozens of products, including a starch which later became a component in the glue of U.S. postage stamps. When it was learned that his institute was saving 200 pounds of wheat per day by mixing ordinary flour with a new sweet potato-based flour, dieticians and food writers interested in economizing on wheat during wartime went to visit him. They were greeted with delicious breads made from mixed flours along with 5-course meals made from peanuts, sweet potatoes and local wild plants. By 1930, the once worthless peanut had become the basis of a huge industry and peanut butter was becoming one of America¡¯s favorite foods, affordable for even the poorest families. During these decades of research, Carver almost never took out a patent-in spite of the fact that he had created fortunes for thousands of others. He believed that his inventions should be shared for free. American inventors Thomas A. Edison and Henry Ford both considered Carver the greatest scientist of their day and sought to recruit him with huge salary offers only to meet refusal. In 1941, Time magazine dubbed him¡°Black Leonardo¡±, a reference to the medieval European polymath Leonardo da Vinci. Shortly before Carver¡¯s death in 1943, a visitor saw him reach out to touch a little flower on his workbench. Carver said,¡°When I touch that flower, I am touching infinity. It existed long before there were human beings on this earth and will continue to exist for millions of years to come. Through the flower, I talk to the Infinite, which is only a silent force. This is not a physical contact. It is not in the earthquake, wind or fire. It is in the invisible world. It is that still small voice that calls up the fairies.¡± To commemorate his life and inventions, George Washington Carver Recognition Day is celebrated in the United States on January 5th, the day Carver died. 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