Life University \"Urban Shaman\" By John Park John Park is a Korean American resident of New York with a B.A. in Comparative Religious Studies from Harvard University. In Korea it\'s common practice to visit mudang or female shamans in order to inquire about how to get through difficult circumstances, what to expect in the future, or whether two people are compatible as husband and wife. These shamans may provide advice gleaned from the spirit world, perform rituals to expel evil, or dispense good luck charms. The mudang is considered a mystical guide and worker of spiritual magic and her patrons are expected to obey and follow her in a passive way. However, in his book, Urban Shaman, Hawaiian shaman and author Serge Kahili King presents a strikingly different depiction of the shaman. He defines the shaman as \"a healer of relationships: between mind and body, between people, between people and circumstances, between humans and Nature, and between matter and spirit.\" The term, \"shaman,\" then, describes a way of living rather than an occupation and it\'s therefore possible for anyone to practice shamanism. This book, in fact, teaches ordinary people how to use seven basic shamanic principles in order to improve the quality of their lives. The first principle of Hawaiian shamanism states, \"The world is what you think it is.\" This axiom bears strong resemblance to the Mahayana Buddhist tenet, \"Everything is created only by the mind\" (ÀÏüÀ¯½ÉÁ¶). The main thing to understand here is that our thoughts shape reality. This means that positive thoughts attract positive events and negative thoughts draw negative ones. The first thing for a shaman to do, then, is assume a positive frame of mind. Shamans believe that we dream our lives into existence and the reality that we perceive around us is really a shared dream. When we understand that all systems of understanding the world--religious, philosophical, scientific, cultural, etc.--are arbitrary, we can be more flexible, tolerant, creative, relaxed, and light-hearted in how we approach situations and other people. The second principle states, \"There are no limits.\" All things in the universe are connected and everything is possible. Again, we can see a strong correlation with the fundamental Buddhist doctrine of the interdependence of all things. Understanding this principle allows us to clear away simplistic \"us versus them\" thinking, embrace the underlying harmony of all things and dare to strive beyond our perceived limitations. The third principle states, \"Energy flows where attention goes.\" Anyone who has practiced qigong will know the truth of this principle. Whenever we focus our minds on any point, inside or outside our bodies, we send energy there. Shamans believe that everything, including solid objects, is energy and everything we do is really an issue of sending or receiving energy. Fortunately, there is unlimited energy in the universe so we can be generous in our approach to life, always drawing on the energy of the world to strengthen ourselves and sending positive energy outward to benefit others. The fourth principle posits, \"Now is the moment of power.\" \"Now\" means whatever unit of time--a second, an hour, a day, a year--that you\'re concerned about. When we focus our attention on what we\'re doing \"now,\" we give it power and increase our ability to influence the world. The most effective way to do this, according to King, is to pay attention to your senses--what you see, hear, feel, smell, and taste--when you do something important. This directs all of your energy into your actions and increases your probability of success. The fifth principle tell us, \"To love is to be happy with.\" This means that we accept things for what they are and take joy in them. The key here is not to judge others. Shamans understand that love increases as judgement decreases. They approach all living and non-living things, all internal and external situations with love because they know all things, even dreams and thoughts, are alive, aware, and responsive. The sixth principle teaches, \"All power comes from within.\" Power, that is, our ability to influence things, comes from our understanding of authority. King writes, \"Outer authority is when you give decision-making power to someone else, and inner authority, considered much the healthier variety, is when you give it to yourself.\" He advises us not to accept others\' judgements nor let others define who we are. You have the power to be who you want to be. You can successfully meet the challenges in your life. Finally, the seventh principle states, \"Effectiveness is the measure of truth.\" In other words, don\'t be worried about theories and doctrines. If something can do what it claims it can do, then accept it as true. But don\'t believe it\'s the only truth. In an infinite world of infinite dreams, there are an infinite number of truths, many of them contradictory. Everything doesn\'t have to make sense; it just has to work. When we understand this, King explains, we can take a flexible, practical approach to life and know that there\'s always another way to get something done. Shamans attempt to use the spiritual power of the mind in order to find creative solutions to real-life problems and increase peace, health, and happiness in the world. Shamanism isn\'t a religion, but a practical life-craft that anyone can learn, compatible with almost all religious teachings. 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